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Showing posts from October, 2026

German non-finite forms

 Having now looked over the examples in the Bruening paper, I think I understand better what Alec was asking about these German forms. It's worth noting that the 'German dialects' under discussion are really disparate. I have quasi-intuitions about "Swiss-German" [which itself has many dialects] and Standard German, but the other dialects presented here, e.g. some form of Swabian, sound very foreign to me. In particular, looking at the forms and glosses, it appears that in some of these dialects the "infinitive" employs the  ge-  prefix reserved for perfect participles in other dialects, with no suffix; and the "supine" employs a suffix represented as "-d", which is perhaps the counterpart of the Standard German  -t  perfect participle suffix, but with no prefix.These things just sound bizarre to me. (I'm also not sure why some forms are glossed 'Gerund', they don't seem to be distinct forms.) I wish we could see trans...

Category-changing English prefixes

 Following up on last week's discussion, I asked Google AI for a list of these prefixes, which I summarize here (unfortunately the books where I could look for truly comprehensive lists of words formed thereby are in storage...I mark the examples that I find dubious in various ways with [?]) en-/em-:   A] __V]  enable, enrich, embitter, enlarge                  N] __ V]: encase, entomb, enshrine, engulf, enslave, embody, embalm[?], encourage, enthrone, endanger (Many more cases where the base exists as both V and N, calling for more detailed analysis: encode, enlist, entitle, entrap, enchain, encircle, empower, enfold, entrap…) - all seem to take -ment (except embalm), probably -able if it makes sense  This is by far the most productive    de-: N] __ V]: debone, debug, declaw, delouse, dethrone, defrock, de-ice, defrost, deplane[?], decamp[?]  - apparently 'dethronement' and 'decampment' exist...